Brown Seaweed : Health Benefits

Two types of brown seaweed, Fucus vesiculosus (also known as bladderwrack) and Laminaria japonica, are sometimes used in traditional medicine systems to treat various health conditions. Both seaweeds contain iodine (a trace mineral needed for normal metabolism of cells) and fucoidan (a substance thought to possess immune-stimulating properties).

Uses for Brown Seaweed, Brown seaweed is typically used for the following conditions:

* hypothyroidism
* fatigue
* menstrual problems
* cellulite
* cough
* asthma
* hemorrhoids
* stomach ailments
* headaches

Some proponents claim that brown seaweed can also help promote weight loss, as well as aid in skin care.
Benefits of Brown Seaweed

To date, very few scientific studies have looked at brown seaweed's impact on human health. Although there is currently a lack of evidence to support the use of brown seaweed in treatment of any condition, preliminary research suggests that brown seaweed extract may offer these health effects:

1) Cancer Prevention

In a case report published in 2004, researchers found that dietary intake of bladderwrack produced anti-estrogenic effects in three pre-menopausal women. According to the study's authors, these findings suggest that bladderwrack may help reduce risk of estrogen-related cancers. However, the authors caution that further research is needed before any conclusions about bladderwrack's cancer-fighting effects can be drawn.

2) Reduced Inflammation

In a lab study published in 2007, researchers examined the health effects of fucoidan extracted from nine species of brown seaweed. Results revealed that all fucoidans delivered anti-inflammatory effects. What's more, bladderwrack-derived fucoidans appeared to prevent breast cancer cells from adhering to platelets, suggesting that the substances could help inhibit the spread of cancer.

3) Blood-Thinning Benefits

In test-tube research, scientists have found that fucoidan may possess anti-coagulant (blood-thinning) properties. Although these findings indicate that brown seaweed may help prevent blood-clotting, there are no human studies available to support brown seaweed's use as an anticoagulant.
Is Brown Seaweed Safe?

The National Institutes of Health warn that, due to possible contamination with heavy metals, consumption of bladderwrack "should always be considered potentially unsafe." Furthermore, overconsumption of iodine may disrupt thyroid health, as well as lead to lowered blood sugar, stomach irritation, and/or increased risk of bleeding.
How to Use Brown Seaweed

Some types of brown seaweed can be consumed as a food (in salads, soups, and stir-fries, for instance). Although brown seaweed is also available in supplement form, there is limited scientific evidence to support the use of brown seaweed supplements.

Given the potential health risks associated with brown seaweed consumption, it's important to consult your health-care provider before using brown seaweed supplements or consuming brown seaweed on a regular basis.

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Ross Truett Ashley : who am i ?

Virginia Tech gunman named as Ross Truett Ashley
The gunman who killed a police officer at Virginia Tech on Thursday has been identified as Ross Truett Ashley, a 22-year-old student at nearby Radford University.

A day after the spectre of random gun violence returned to the university, which in 2007 was the site of America's worst campus massacre, authorities have released a more detailed timeline of the events that led to the death of campus police officer Deriek Crouse, a father of five.

Police said Ashley fled the scene of the shooting and changed clothes before apparently turning the gun on himself as officers closed in.

They said there was no clear motive for the killing and that the gunman and his victims are not thought to have known each other.

Speaking at the second press conference since the killing at midday yesterday, police spokeswoman Corinne Geller said that Officer Crouse had pulled over a student for a traffic violation when the shooter approached and killed him as he sat in his police cruiser.

The 39-year-old officer was not able to return fire but his dashboard camera did capture an image of the gunman in the moments of the shooting. It is not known whether he was wearing body armour nor how many times he was hit.

source : www.telegraph.co.uk

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Clozapine

What is clozapine?

Clozapine is an antipsychotic medication. It works by changing the actions of chemicals in the brain. Clozapine is used to treat severe schizophrenia. It is also used to reduce the risk of suicidal behavior in people with schizophrenia or similar disorders. Clozapine is usually given after other medications have been tried without successful treatment of symptoms. Clozapine may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Important information about clozapine

Clozapine is not for use in psychotic conditions related to dementia. Clozapine may cause heart failure, sudden death, or pneumonia in older adults with dementia-related conditions. You should not take clozapine if you are allergic to it, or if you have untreated or uncontrolled epilepsy, a bone marrow disorder, paralytic ileus or intestinal blockage, a history of infection caused by taking clozapine, or if you are also using drugs that weaken your immune system (such as cancer medicine or steroids). Clozapine can lower blood cells that help your body fight infections. This can make it easier for you to develop a serious or life-threatening infection. This risk is higher in women and older adults, and in people who are malnourished or have serious medical problems. While you are taking clozapine, your blood will need to be tested every week for the first 6 months of treatment, and then every 2 to 4 weeks. Do not miss any follow-up visits to your doctor. Serious and sometimes fatal infections may occur during treatment with clozapine. Call your doctor right away if you have signs of infection such as: fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms, mouth or throat ulcers, cough, sore throat, rapid heart rate, or rapid and shallow breathing. There are many other medicines that can interact with clozapine. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor. Keep a list of all your medicines and show it to any healthcare provider who treats you.

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Mastectomy

Mastectomy is surgery to remove a breast. On these pages, you can find out more about different types of mastectomy, get help with decision-making, and learn what to expect during and after surgery. Mastectomy is the removal of the whole breast. There are five different types of mastectomy: "simple" or "total" mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, radical mastectomy, partial mastectomy, and subcutaneous (nipple-sparing) mastectomy.

"Simple" or "Total" mastectomy

Simple or total mastectomy concentrates on the breast tissue itself:

The surgeon removes the entire breast.

The surgeon does not perform axillary lymph node dissection (removal of lymph nodes in the underarm area). Sometimes, however, lymph nodes are occasionally removed because they happen to be located within the breast tissue taken during surgery.

No muscles are removed from beneath the breast.

Who usually gets simple or total mastectomy?

A simple or total mastectomy is appropriate for women with multiple or large areas of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and for women seeking prophylactic mastectomies — that is, breast removal in order to prevent any possibility of breast cancer occurring.

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Matt Forte Injury

The Chicago Bears are 0-2 with starting quarterback Jay Cutler out of the lineup. Although they currently still own the NFC's top wild-card position with a 7-5 record, that hold is tenuous with feature running back Matt Forte set to miss at least the next two games.

"The playoffs are a reach for them right now, unless something drastic happens," said former Bears coach Mike Ditka, now an ESPN analyst.

A MRI has revealed that Forte has a Grade 2 MCL sprain in his right knee, which he injured in the first quarter of Sunday's 10-3 loss to the Kansas City Chiefs. Based on the grade, it's expected to keep Forte out for up to six weeks. With four games left in the regular season the injury comes with the strong possibility of Forte missing all of them.

Back in the 2009 season, Forte also battled a MCL sprain but was able to play through it for an entire 16-game schedule. That season he finished with 929 rushing yards and averaged a career-low 3.6 yards per carry.

This season, Forte is three yards shy of 1,000 yards rushing while averaging a whopping 4.9 yards per carry. With 1,487 yards from scrimmage, Forte is first in the NFL, ahead of the Baltimore Ravens' Ray Rice, Houston Texans' Arian Foster and Philadelphia Eagles' LeSean McCoy. That comprises 38 percent of the Bears' total offensive yardage.

So as much as the Bears miss Cutler, they will miss Forte more. Consider the next two opponents, the Denver Broncos and Seattle Seahawks. Each has been vulnerable to versatile all-purpose backs such as Forte.

"He's been nightmare matchup for defenses," Ditka said of Forte. "Without him and Cutler, the Bears have lost the two viable options of their offense. It leaves them looking for a fix and takes them out of their normal pattern. It can start making you have a lack of confidence as a team."

A knee injury leaves Matt Forte low and has the Bears on life support. (AP Photo)
It was Chicago's game plan, with Cutler out, to lean heavily on their running game and defense to win the games. Save for a first half-ending Hail Mary touchdown by the Chiefs, the Bears couldn't have asked their defense to play much better.

After Forte left the game just nine minutes in, feeling the effects of a hit by Chiefs linebacker Derrick Johnson, the Bears got little from their backup backs. With Forte getting five carries for 12 yards, reserves Marion Barber and Kahlil Bell managed only 78 yards on 18 carries (4.3 yards per carry). More important, however, was the fact that neither Barber nor Bell factored in the passing game, where Forte has a team-high 52 receptions.

For a young, unproven quarterback such as Caleb Hanie, that takes away a critical security blanket. Making matters worse, is that the Bears' most reliable route-running wide receiver, Earl Bennett, has been held to one catch for just five yards in each of the past two games.

Few teams can recover from losing players such as Cutler and Forte, and it's especially a long shot for the Bears, who are stuck with big drop-offs at their positions.

Coach Lovie Smith has been clinging to the hopes Cutler may be able to return in time to save to their season, and expressed a similar sentiment regarding Forte's status in his Monday news conference.

Based on his diagnosis, Forte has a much better shot of playing again this season than Cutler does with a broken thumb, but that brings up a touchy subject. The Bears must be careful of rushing Forte back, and risking his long-term health, if by the time he comes back, there's little chance of making the postseason.

Forte, meanwhile, as a free agent to be in 2012, has been frustrated that Bears' officials have yet to reward him with a deserving long-term contract. A knee injury for a running back, even one that's deemed as not serious, isn't something with which to be messed. In little more than two weeks, Chicago has gone from potential NFC challenger to scrambling to replace its most irreplaceable players. Although the pressure is on to win now, the Bears must be careful how they fight their current fate so they don't jeopardize their future.

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World AIDS Day

Where did the idea come from?
In 1991 – a decade after the emergence of HIV – a group of 12 artists gathered to discuss a new project for Visual Aids; a New York arts organisation that raises awareness of HIV. They were photographers, painters, film makers and costume designers, and they sat around in the shared gallery space in New York's East Village.

After a short brainstorm they had come up with a simple idea that later became one of the most recognised symbols of the decade - the red ribbon, worn to signify awareness and support for people living with HIV.

Why did we need a symbol?
When the artists sat down to work on this project, their aim was to get people talking about HIV. This was during a time where HIV was highly stigmatised and people living with HIV were suffering behind closed doors, some too scared to even tell their loved ones they were living with the virus. The artists wanted to create a visual expression of compassion for people living with, and affected by, HIV.

The artists were inspired by the yellow ribbons tied on trees to denote support for the US military fighting in the Gulf War. Pink and the rainbow colours were rejected because they were too closely associated with the gay community, and they wanted to convey that HIV went beyond the gay community and was relevant to everyone.

Red was chosen as it is bold and visible – symbolising passion, a heart and love. The shape was chosen simply because it was easy to make and replicate – anyone can make one by just cutting out a piece of ribbon, looping it around your finger and pinning it on.
How did the red ribbon become so well known?

Red Ribbons
In the early days, the artists made the ribbons themselves and distributing them around the New York art scene and dropped them off at theatres. Initially there was a text that went with it, to explain why they were being worn, but eventually this was dropped as its symbolism no longer needed an explanation.

Within weeks of the red ribbon idea being born, world-famous actors starting wearing the red ribbon to high-profile award ceremonies such as the Oscars and talking about why it was important. The media also cottoned on, and within a short space of time the red ribbon symbol became universally recognised.

At the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert held at London's Wembley Stadium on Easter Sunday 1992, more than 100,000 red ribbons were distributed among the audience, with performers such as George Michael wearing one. The Red Ribbon continues to be a powerful force in the efforts to increase public awareness of HIV.

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Lisfranc Injury

About Lisfranc
The Lisfranc injury is an injury to one of the small joints of the midfoot. The injury occurs when there is a dislocation or fracture and dislocation between the forefoot and midfoot joints. The Lisfranc injury is named for the French surgeon Jacques Lisfranc in Napoleon’s army.

Why is called Lisfranc injury?
The present day most common mechanism of this injury is when someone steps into a small hole, and the foot is unusually twisted with a great amount of force pushing down as well. However, there are many other means to sustain this type of injury including sports, falls, and automobile accidents.The original injury described by Lisfranc usually occurred when a soldier fell from his horse, but his foot did not release from the stirrup--or so the story goes...

What is the Lisfranc joint?
The forefoot area consisting of the toes; the midfoot made up of the small bones called the navicular, cuneiform, and cuboid; and the hindfoot consisting of the talus (lower ankle) and calcaneus (heel). The Lisfranc joint is the space between the bones of the forefoot and midfoot. The foot can be thought to consist of three primary parts.

The Lisfranc injury is an injury to the ligaments that connects these joints. Sometimes the injury is a simple dislocation (ligament injury) or a fracture and dislocation. The dislocation is a separation of the normal joints between the forefoot and midfoot. The fracture usually occurs in the midfoot bones.

How is a Lisfranc injury diagnosed?
Often this injury can be quite subtle on x-ray appearance. In order to better clarify the injury, sometimes it is necessary to apply a force to the foot in order to emphasize the dislocation. Also common is to perform an x-ray view of the normal foot as well as the abnormal foot in order to better define the injury.

What is the treatment of a Lisfranc injury?
However, the more common treatment is to secure the fractured and dislocated bones with either internal (screws) or external (pins) fixation.Most often the treatment of a Lisfranc injury is surgical, although some minor injuries can be treated conservatively. If there is minimal displacement of the bones, a stiff walking cast applied for approximately eight weeks is an appropriate alternative.

Healing is complicated in patients who sustain a Lisfranc injury. The most common complication of the Lisfranc injury is post-traumatic arthritis of the joint. Post-traumatic arthritis mimics degenerative arthritis, but its course is accelerated because of severe injury to a joint. This can lead to chronic pain in the injured joint, and may necessitate fusion of the joint in order to prevent chronic debilitating pain.

The compartment syndrome occurs when traumatic injury causes swelling and bleeding to raise the pressure within the tissues of your body. If the pressure is raised sufficiently within a restricted area, the vascular supply to that area may become compromised, and this can lead to serious complications.Another complication is called a compartment syndrome.

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